Category Archives: Law

Louis CK – a new business model?

Comedian and actor Louis CK made news recently by passing big corporate America and selling a recent stand-up performance video directly to fans – for $5 a download. His video was not encrypted and he relies on the fans to pay for the download rather than getting free pirated versions. It’s a strategy reminiscent of the approach used by the band Radio Head some years ago – they basically allowed a (technically) free download, but asked downloaders to pay what they felt was a fair price.

Both experiments seem to have gone well, but critics point out that such approaches may have limitations – for instance, both Louis CK and Radio Head are established acts and enjoyed the ability to market their product rather cheaply. Time will tell if these experiments have an impact on the entertainment industry. You can check out the Louis CK offering here. Caution: his material is decidedly R Rated.

The judge and the SEC …

See the article in the Atlantic Wire here. A money quote from the judge:

In much of the world, propaganda reigns, and truth is confined to secretive, fearful whispers. Even in our nation, apologists for suppressing or obscuring the truth may always be found. But the S.E.C., of all agencies, has a duty, inherent in its statutory mission, to see that the truth emerges; and if fails to do so, this Court must not, in the name of deference or convenience, grant judicial enforcement to the agency’s contrivances.

 

Envy of the rich or simply calling out cheaters?

Matt Taibbi has what I consider one of the better treatments on OWS in a recent article in Rolling Stone – “Wall Street Isn’t Winning – It’s Cheating”. It’s one of the few pieces I’ve seen that has included discussion of the underlying problems at play in Wall Street. Here’s video of him discussing the same topic on CNN. And here’s a excerpt from the article: Continue reading

On “practice ready” and the future of legal education

I ran across an interesting article today on the meaning of “practice ready” and what that means with regard to the education of law students. Here’s an excerpt: Continue reading

“The Walking Dead (Stocks)” – on the rise of zombie stocks

The Washington Post reports on the rise of so-called ‘zombie stocks’ — stocks that continue to be traded well after falling out of compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission requirements. Continue reading

“There must be a clear moment when the individual can recalibrate a behavior, make a choice, and act.”

Check out my Prawfs post on feedback loop technology here.

“At the end of 1980, just before I left office, 500,000 people were incarcerated in America; at the end of 2009 the number was nearly 2.3 million.”

Former president Jimmy Carter weighs in on the war on drugs in the New York Times. Here’s an excerpt: Continue reading

On the topic of deliberation…

Check out my 2nd post on Prawfs on the topic of decision systems here.

Guest blogging on Prawfs

I’ll be guest blogging on Prawfsblawg for the month of June. My first post is about memorable trial performances in movies. You can check it out here.

New era in California corrections

Well, this should be interesting to watch. The US Supreme Court’s recent decision in Brown v. Plata indicates that California will likely have to drastically reduce its prison population rather drastically over the next couple years Approximately 32,000 inmates must be released to comport with the Court’s close-vote decision which found that the state’s overpopulated prisons were Constitutionally problematic. One upside for the state will be incarceration cost savings – if we assume that each prisoner costs about $50,000/year to incarcerate – a relatively modest estimate – then this means a cost savings of 1.6 billion dollars annually to the state. Yes, that’s billion, not million. On the other hand, we can imagine that there may be significant collateral costs to the state and that these costs may simply be shifted to other entities (expanded demands on policing, local jails, etc.). Given the changing face of California incarceration outlined in this study (document), it will be interesting to see how they go about determining who to release.

More on this here and here.

Criminal Registration – Knowledge as Power

Knowledge as Power

On Prawfs Dan Markel tells us that there’s a new book in town. FSU Law Professor Wayne Logan has recently published Knowledge as Power: Criminal Registration and Community Notification Laws in America. He was also recently quoted on this subject in the New York Times. Here’s some copy from the book: Continue reading

New review of our book in POP

The recent issue of Perspectives on Politics included a review of our book, “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda: Constructing the War on Drugs” by Diana Owen (Georgetown University). Here’s a selected passage:

In this important study, Andrew B. Whitford and Jeff Yates move beyond the standard focus on persuasion and build upon the established theoretical frameworks of “agenda setting” and “going public.” They explore the ways in which presidential rhetoric can not only shape opinion but also can influence policy implementation and bureaucratic action. Focusing their analysis on drug policy, the authors demonstrate that presidents can exert leadership authority and change the behavior of even entrenched administrative constituencies through public rhetoric. The detailed case study provides rich historical context documenting presidential administrations’ responses to the “war on drugs” dating back to the 1930s. The authors use a multimethod approach in order to provide empirical evidence that supports their argument that persuasion can translate into action. This study establishes a new benchmark for research on presidential rhetoric.

Same sex marriage and judicial retention elections in Iowa

David Pozen has recently posted “What Happened in Iowa” on SSRN. It examines the role of out of state interests in judicial elections. Here’s the abstract: Continue reading

Taxing and spending

Check out taxing here and spending here.

Can you handle the truth? – On the origins of search and seizure law

University of Tennessee law professor Thomas Davies has posted “Can You Handle the Truth? The Framers Preserved Common-Law Criminal Arrest and Search Rules in ‘Due Process of Law’ – ‘Fourth Amendment Reasonableness’ is Only a Modern, Destructive, Judicial Myth” on SSRN (download it here). The abstract is available below the fold: Continue reading

Questioning existing judicial decision making models

Corey Rayburn Young (John Marshall Law School) has posted “How Judges Decide: A Multidimensional Typology of Judicial Styles in the Federal Courts” on SSRN. Here’s the abstract: Continue reading

Of Black Swans and the 2008 Financial Crises

The author of “The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable,” Nassim Nicholas Taleb, has posted “Why Did the Crises of 2008 Happen?” on SSRN. The paper “while a standalone invited essay written for a special crisis issue of New Political Economy – synthesizes the various technical documents by the author as related to the financial crisis. It can also be used as a technical companion to The Black Swan (2007-2010). “

I’ll summarize his causes of the crises here, but it is certainly worth reading for yourself (just 5 pages): Continue reading

The Fourth Amendment takes a hit

In Florida it is apparently feasible to obtain a search warrant for all persons entering a general area (in this case, a parking lot). While I sympathize with the state on the facts of this particular situation, this sounds a lot like the types of actions that led to a Revolutionary War – although I’ll admit that the light sabers in the above picture are a bit of a stretch on historical accuracy.  The Volokh Conspiracy has more – here’s a sample: Continue reading

Barton on the lawyer-judge bias

University of Tennessee law professor Ben Barton has recently penned The Lawyer-Judge Bias in the American Legal System (Cambridge 2010). He explains the premise of the book below in an interview with Instapundit and fellow UT Law Prof Glen Reynolds. (H/T Tax Prof Blog)

 

 

 

Some reading for the pre-law crowd

I recently came across two papers on SSRN that might be good reading for pre-law undergraduates. The first – “How To Read a Legal Opinion: A Guide For New Law Students” is by Orin Kerr. He outlines how to effectively read a legal opinion – While it’s aimed at first year law students, it is likely helpful for undergrads taking law oriented classes and anyone who wants to be well-read in legal matters. The second paper “Mammas Don’t Let Your Babies Grow Up To Be … Lawyers” is by Herwig Schlunk. It outlines some of the considerations that students should take into account in deciding whether law school is a good investment. While I am not one of those professors who attempts to talk students out of going to law school, I do emphasize the investment of time and money involved and encourage them to think critically about this career choice.

The graduate program in political science at Binghamton University

As a member of the BU political science departments’ graduate committee I am going to blatantly use my blog platform to promote our graduate program. We offer a competitive stipend, have a good team of faculty scholar/mentors, and have placed Ph.D. students pretty well in academic (and other field relevent) positions. And, as you might recall from a prior post, we scored very well in the NRC’s recent ranking of political science programs.

You can check out the basics of our graduate program here. Information on our Ph.D. placements in recent years can be found here and a list of our current students on the market here.

Another Review of “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda: Constructing the War on Drugs”

A review of our book by Chad Murphy can be found in Political Communication. Here’s an excerpt: Continue reading

Review of “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda: Constructing the War on Drugs”

Here’s an excerpt of a review of our book, “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda: Constructing the War on Drugs,” in the journal Contemporary Sociology. Continue reading

On perceiving the Rule of Law

Often times perception is arguably as important as reality. Indeed the perception of the Rule of Law may influence important real world outcomes. How do citizens come to perceive the viability of the Rule of Law in their country? In a recent paper we (myself, Andy Whitford and David Brown) address this concern. The title of the paper is “Perceptions of the Rule of Law: Evidence About the Impact of Judicial Insulation.” Check out the syllabus below and, of course, feel free to download the paper via SSRN here. Continue reading

On enforcement and international relations

On the prison to poverty cycle

Slate has an interesting article on the prison to poverty cycle — here’ s an excerpt: Continue reading

Top 25 most dangerous neighborhoods in America…

Brought to you by Walletpop [h/t to Keith Gaddie].

For the second year in a row, using exclusive data developed by Dr. Andrew Schiller’s team at NeighborhoodScout.com, and based on FBI data from all 17,000 local law enforcement agencies, WalletPop reveals the top 25 most dangerous neighborhoods with the highest predicted rates of violent crime in America.

See 21 to 25 below the fold and the rest at the link that follows. Continue reading

Something for recent (unemployed) law grads and 3rd years

I point you to a post I did as a guest blogger with the Faculty Lounge a while back on the recent unpleasantness in the attorney job market. If you are unemployed or a 3rd year having a hard time finding employment, then you might enjoy this post. I offer a teaser here and then a link to the rest of the post on the Faculty Lounge. Continue reading

The Incidence of Gang Units

New from BJS:

  • In 2007, 365 of the nation’s large (100 or more sworn officers) police departments and sheriffs’ offices had specialized gang units, employing a median of 5 officers per unit and more than 4,300 full-time equivalent sworn officers nationwide.
  • Most gang units focused more on developing specialized knowledge about area gangs, gang members, and gang activities than on suppression and support functions. Over 60% of gang units spent the greatest percentage of time either gathering gang intelligence (33% of units) or investigating gang activities (32%) in 2007.
  • Nearly all (98%) specialized gang units shared criminal intelligence information with neighboring law enforcement agencies.

Are presidential video games next?

Apparently, sitting presidents are free game for video game cameos due, in part, to their reluctance to sue. See the story here. In the video below (depicting Madden NFL 11), you can see President Obama make his appearance at about the 2 minute mark. [h/t Gawker.com]

Remembering the Gipper, tax policy, and Judas Priest

A recent article in Yahoo news recalls the tax policies of Ronald Reagan in relative space. Perhaps surprisingly, tax policy and Ronald Reagan weren’t high on my list of relevant topics during this time period. Here’s a random eighties music video to provide the flavor of the times …

Former guest blogger hits the big time!

Former (and hopefully future) guest blogger on Voir Dire, Eileen Braman, recently won the Law & Courts section’s C. Herman Pritchett award for best book of 2009. Congratulations to Eileen!

Committing ‘The Perfect Crime’ – a.k.a. Anyone up for a picnic at Yellowstone national park?

Just when you thought is was safe to go back into Idaho ….

In “The Perfect Crime,” author Brian C. Kalt (Michigan State College of Law) argues that it may be possible to commit crimes and get off scott free in certain areas of Idaho where – for a complex set of reasons – it is darn near impossible to prosecute. The article can be found on SSRN here and also in the Georgetown Law Journal. The article is dated 2005, but an email exchange with the author suggests that this potential crime loophole has not been fixed. Here’s the abstract: Continue reading

Privacy as a two way street?

In a recent issue of Popular Mechanics, Glenn “Instapundit” Reynolds provides some interesting insights on privacy law and policy and how the age of widespread technology sees government monitoring citizens and citizens monitoring government. My thoughts on the matter can be summarized as:

Government monitoring citizens = worthy of serious concern and regulation; sometimes necessary, but opens the door to significant abuses of discretion by agents of the state

Citizens’ monitoring of government = almost always a good idea; could be used for ill purposes though; worthy of very limited regulation

In both cases the potential for distortion of the truth is a serious problem – both in taking things out context and in manipulating images and audio.

Here’s an excerpt or two from Reynolds:

There’s a difference, though. In the old days, ordinary people didn’t have much privacy, but neither did big shots. By contrast, today’s government officials and big corporations often want to watch us, but they don’t want to be watched in return. Shopping malls are full of security cameras, but many have signs at the entrance telling customers that no photography or video recording is allowed. Police cars have dashboard cameras, cities and counties are posting red-light and speed-limit cameras, and it seems that the dream of many government officials is to put every public space under 24-hour video watch. But try shooting photos or video of police or ­other public officials as they go about their business and you might find yourself in wrist restraints.

….

Under the law, citizens have no right not to be photographed in public places. So why should people who make their living on the taxpayers’ dime enjoy greater freedom from public scrutiny than the taxpayers themselves? Civil liberties groups have begun supporting the trend toward a video-enabled populace. The Eastern Missouri chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union sends out volunteers with cameras, though they have faced police hostility at times.

Over the long haul, such efforts may be superfluous. The widespread availability of digital cameras and video-capable cellphones means that ubiquitous surveillance on the part of the little guys is moving, if anything, even faster than ubiquitous surveillance on the part of the big boys. And distribution tools like YouTube make it easier to get the footage to a large audience.

I think that’s a good thing. Today’s pervasive surveillance may seem like something out of 1984, but access to technology has become a lot more democratic since Orwell’s time. Big Brother had a network of security cameras, but could that oppressive regime have survived a network of cellphones?

[More from the article here.]

New blog to check out

Jason Czarnezki (founder ELS Blog) has started a new blog - czarnezki.com – detailing “life, law, & the environment.” Check it out!  [h/t Faculty Lounge]

“I’ve got nothing to hide”

I’m really glad that Daniel Solove (George Washington University) recently posted ” ‘I’ve Got Nothing to Hide’ and Other Misunderstandings of Privacy” on SSRN. Now I can simply tell people to read this paper when they make this argument. Here’s the abstract:

Abstract:
In this short essay, written for a symposium in the San Diego Law Review, Professor Daniel Solove examines the nothing to hide argument. When asked about government surveillance and data mining, many people respond by declaring: “I’ve got nothing to hide.” According to the nothing to hide argument, there is no threat to privacy unless the government uncovers unlawful activity, in which case a person has no legitimate justification to claim that it remain private. The nothing to hide argument and its variants are quite prevalent, and thus are worth addressing. In this essay, Solove critiques the nothing to hide argument and exposes its faulty underpinnings.

Building a more sustainable aristocracy

States have created more sustainable wealth for the rich by getting rid of the “rule against perpetuities” — What?! That thing that gave me fits to learn in law school? Next thing you know, they’ll be getting rid of the “The Rule in Shelley’s case”. But seriously, in the future, even wealthy idiots won’t be able to lose their inheritance to creditors or taxes – regardless of how foolishly they live their lives – it’s all done through trusts. Check it out:

AMERICANS have always assumed that wealth comes and goes. A poor person can work hard, become rich and pass his money on to his children and grandchildren. But then, if those descendants do not manage it wisely, they may lose it. “Shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves in three generations,” the saying goes, and it conforms to our preference for meritocracy over aristocracy.

Continue reading

Some thoughts on Empirical Legal Studies

On the Faculty Lounge here, and on Leiter Reports here. I may have something to say on these matters in the future, but the links suffice for now as I have a lot of grading to do and two (ELS) papers to finish. :-)

New Data from JUSTSTATS

Women In Law Enforcement, 1987-2008:

Presents data from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) surveys, covering 1987 to 2007, and from the Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers (FLEO), from 1996 to 2008. This data brief presents trends in the percent of law enforcement officers at the local, state, and federal level who are women. It compares the percent of female law enforcement officers in individual police departments with 2,000 or more sworn officers between 1997 and 2007. The report also provides the percent of female officers in 1998 and 2008 in specific federal agencies with 500 or more sworn officers.

Politics and state punitiveness …

Since Richard is guest blogging this summer, I thought it might be a good time to highlight some of our co-authored work. Below is the abstract of an article we wrote a while back; you can download the article here. We plan to do some follow up research on this topic in the near future.

Politics and State Punitiveness in Black and White

Abstract:
Recent findings from the literature on imprisonment policy suggest that in addition to traditional social and economic variables, imprisonment rates are also strongly related to changes in the state political environment. In this study, we extend this literature by testing a theory of state punitiveness which posits that (1) the political environment of states influences the degree to which they incarcerate their citizens, and (2) the political determinants of state punitiveness may be conditional upon the racial sub-population being incarcerated. Our results suggest that increases in state political conservatism in recent decades have contributed to increases in both the growth in black imprisonment rates and black imprisonment disparity (relative to whites), but that these effects are, to a degree, tempered by countervailing political conditions.

Standards of legal proof reach new low …

At least in Ohio on speeding cases – check it out:

In Ohio, if a cop says it looked like you were speeding, he can write you a ticket – no proof needed. Makes things so much easier for law enforcement if they don’t have to be bothered with the burden of proof. True story.

The state’s supreme court ruled five-to-one that independent verification of a driver’s speed isn’t necessary… things like laser guns or radar or actually clocking how fast you’re going. The court says an officer’s visual estimate will work as long as the officer is trained, certified by a training academy and experienced in finding speeders.

Supporters say that officers undergo extensive training where they have to visually estimate the speed of vehicles within one or two miles per hour of the actual speed.

Nonetheless, law enforcement officials insist they won’t be getting rid of their speed guns; and that it’s rare for officers to give tickets based solely on their observations. But the state’s highest court says if they want to, it’s quite all right.

More here.

Is the Ninth Circuit Really That Liberal?

The NY Times carries an interesting story on this question, prompted perhaps by President Obama’s recent nomination of ‘liberal Berkeley law professor” Goodwin Liu to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. The Times turns to political scientists for empirical analysis of this proposition – I don’t know why the media would do this, surely Tucker Carlson, Keith Olbermann, or some other pundit was available to tell us whatever was passing through their tiny brain at the moment — it seems odd that they would turn to people who might have something insightful to say. Anyway, here are some excerpts:

Andrew D. Martin, a professor of political science at Washington University in St. Louis, said that his research suggested that the Second Circuit, based in New York, and the Third Circuit, based in Philadelphia, “are about as far left as the Ninth,” he said.

The Bush appointees, Mr. Martin said, had “caused the Ninth Circuit to drift back to the right a little bit.” Other circuits, especially the Fifth Circuit, based in New Orleans, and the Sixth, based in Ohio, are on the right. “The differences correspond to the local politics of those areas,” he said, and he argued that the attacks on the Ninth Circuit were politically motivated.

But wait, there’s more:

Susan B. Haire, an associate professor of political science at the University of Georgia, has done extensive research into the rate of reversal for the various circuits and said that, in fact, the reversal rates for the Ninth are generally higher than for other circuits. However, Ms. Haire noted that the Ninth hears far more cases than any other circuit.

It is by far the largest of the circuits, with nearly 30 active judges across nine Western states and two Pacific territories, and had more than 12,000 new cases filed in 2009.

In the context of the total volume of cases, she said reversals are “marginally higher than the other circuits, but such a teeny-tiny difference from a substantive perspective even if it is statistically significant, people might say that’s to be expected when you have such a high volume” of cases.

[h/t http://twitter.com/abwhitford]

Wasserman on video evidence and civil rights

Howard Wasserman (Prawfs Blawg) has posted a paper to SSRN – “Orwell’s Vision: Video and the Future of Civil Rights Enforcment” (also available in Maryland Law Review). Here’s the abstract: Continue reading

New law school rankings

As set forth on TaxProf Blog — more available here on Leiter’s Rankings.

School Citations U.S. News Peer SSRN Downloads Mean Rank
Yale 1 1 5 2.3
Harvard 2 1 1 1.3
Chicago 3 4 3 3.3
Stanford 4 3 6 5.0
NYU 5 6 9 6.7
Columbia 6 4 4 4.7
UC-Berkeley 7 6 14 9.0
Northwestern 8 15 8 10.3
UC-Irvine 9 NR 51 30.0
Vanderbilt 10 17 13 13.3
Cornell 11 11 26 16.0
Duke 11 11 16 12.7
Michigan 11 8 19 12.7
Penn 14 9 12 11.7
UCLA 15 15 7 12.3
Virginia 16 9 22 15.7
Texas 17 13 10 13.3
G. Washington 18 20 2 13.3
Minnesota 18 20 18 18.7
Georgetown 20 13 15 16.0
Arizona 21 37 33 30.3
Illinois 21 25 11 19.0
Emory 23 20 36 26.3
Florida State 23 49 25 32.3
UC-Davis 23 25 44 30.7

All the president’s pens

‘Defenders of Liberty or Champions of Security’

You can find Kirk’s webpage here. Here’s some ad copy for his recently released book:

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent responses by the U.S. federal government have raised fundamental questions about civil liberties in both domestic and international laws. As a result, the U.S. judiciary, out of its responsibility for interpreting the Constitution, has assumed a crucial role in defining boundaries of domestic and foreign policy, and in balancing concerns about security with the protection of liberty. Utilizing a sophisticated blend of quantitative and qualitative analysis, Kirk A. Randazzo examines two main questions: To what extent do federal judges defend liberty or champion security when adjudicating disputes? And to what extent does the hierarchal structure of the federal judiciary influence decisions by lower court judges? There are, he argues, disturbing indications that the federal judiciary as a whole are not defenders of liberty. Furthermore, lower court judges strategically anticipate the decisions of higher courts and constrain their behavior to avoid reversal.

See more on the SUNY Press website.

Sneaking in professional responsibility in my Contracts course

Last week, for the first time since I became a lawyer, I filed an ethics complaint against another lawyer.  It was one of the most difficult things I’ve ever done (and I’ve done some doozies).  Afterwards, I talked about the process and the reasons why I filed the complaint to my first-year students.

It was interesting to see their reactions.  We spoke about the need to return clients’ phone calls promptly, and we spoke about why, when a lawyer says she’s going to do X if Y doesn’t happen, she has to follow through on that promise.

I spend a lot of time talking about the practice of law with my students (and not just in my PR course).  I don’t want them to get the idea that PR is something that one takes in law school and only thinks about during the course, and I want them to think about the challenges that they’ll face as lawyers.

Will the state bar do anything about the complaint that I filed?  I don’t know.  But watching the process from this close up will be an education for me.

(Posted by Nancy Rapoport)

DIY Tax Auditing Prediction

Via Bargaineering:

In 2006, they published a page on the IRS.gov website that details exactly how they determined which tax returns to audit. It comes down to these four main ways (for individuals):

  • Computer Scoring – I listed this one first because it’s the most interesting of the four reasons. Tax returns are “scored” using two systems – Discriminant Function System (DIF) and Unreported Income DIF (UIDIF). The Discriminant Information Function System (DIF) score gives the IRS an indication of the potential for change in tax due, based on past IRS experience. The Unreported Income DIF (UIDIF), as you can imagine, scores the return on the potential for unreported income. The higher the score, for either, the more likely the return will be reviewed.
  • Information Matching – This is an obvious reason because it’s the easiest to catch. The IRS receives the same W-2s and 1099s that you do, so it’s trivial for them to compare the two totals. If they don’t match, they investigate.
  • Related Examinations – Beware who your friends/business contacts are! If their returns are audited and their return includes transactions with you, your return may be audited as well.
  • Potential participants in abusive tax avoidance transactions – The IRS may get information about promoters of and participants in various schemes and select a return for audit based on that information.

For those interested in a more scientific approach, see this classic in the JEL from Andreoni, et al.

Scholarly productivity study – the other schools

While most studies on scholarly productivity of law schools focus on the top 20 or so, a new one examines schools outside of the top 50. Here’s the top 10 of the “out of the top 50″ group, (based on articles in top journals, 1993-2009):

1. University of San Diego

2. Florida State University

3. University of Richmond

4. University of Missouri-Columbia

5. Illinois Institute of Technology (Chicago-Kent)

6. University of Nevada-Las Vegas (tied)

6. Case Western Reserve University (tied)

8. University of Cincinnati

9. Brooklyn Law School

10. Pepperdine University

See the rest here. hat tip  – Leiter Law School Reports

Postdoc at WUSTL Law

From Andrew Martin:

Washington University School of Law
Postdoctoral Fellowship

Continue reading